国务院批转发展改革委电监会关于加强电力系统抗灾能力建设若干意见的通知

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国务院批转发展改革委电监会关于加强电力系统抗灾能力建设若干意见的通知

国务院


国务院批转发展改革委电监会关于加强电力系统抗灾能力建设若干意见的通知

国发〔2008〕20号


各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:
  国务院同意发展改革委、电监会《关于加强电力系统抗灾能力建设的若干意见》,现转发给你们,请认真贯彻执行。
  电力工业是国民经济的重要基础产业。在今年我国南方地区大范围低温雨雪冰冻和汶川特大地震灾害中,电力设施大面积损毁,给经济社会发展和人民群众生活造成严重影响。为保障国家能源安全和国民经济正常运行,必须采取有效措施,加强电力系统抗灾能力建设。国家电力主管部门要会同有关部门抓紧研究制订配套措施,协调推动电力系统抗灾能力建设工作。电力监管机构要严格执法,加大电力安全监管力度,督促电力企业加强安全管理,确保电力正常供应。地方各级人民政府和电力企业要高度重视这项工作,科学制订工作计划和方案,认真抓好组织实施。
                            国务院 
                        二○○八年六月二十五日



关于加强电力系统抗灾能力建设的若干意见
发展改革委 电监会

  为提高电力系统抵御自然灾害能力,最大限度地减少自然灾害造成的损失,维护正常的生产和生活秩序,保障国家能源安全和国民经济正常运行,现提出以下意见:
  一、加强电力建设规划工作,优化电源和电网布局
  (一)电力建设要坚持统一规划的原则,统筹考虑水源、煤炭、运输、土地、环境以及电力需求等各种因素,处理好电源与电网、输电与配电、城市与农村、电力内发与外供、一次系统与二次系统的关系,合理布局电源,科学规划电网。
  (二)电力规划要充分考虑自然灾害的影响,在低温雨雪冰冻、地震、洪水、台风等自然灾害易发地区建设电力工程,要充分论证、慎重决策。要根据电力资源和需求的分布情况,优化电源电网结构布局,合理确定输电范围,实施电网分层分区运行和无功就近平衡。要科学规划发电装机规模,适度配置备用容量,坚持电网、电源协调发展。
  (三)电源建设要与区域电力需求相适应,分散布局,就近供电,分级接入电网。鼓励以清洁高效为前提,因地制宜、有序开发建设小型水力、风力、太阳能、生物质能等电站,适当加强分布式电站规划建设,提高就地供电能力。结合西部地区水电开发和负荷增长,积极推进“西电东送”,根据煤炭、水资源分布情况,合理实施煤电外送。进一步优化火电、水电、核电等电源构成比例,加快核电和可再生能源发电建设,缓解煤炭生产和运输压力。
  (四)受端电网和重要负荷中心要多通道、多方向输入电力,合理控制单一通道送电容量,要建设一定容量的支撑电源,形成内发外供、布局合理的电源格局。重要负荷中心电网要适当规划配置应对大面积停电的应急保安电源,具备特殊情况下“孤网运行”和“黑启动”能力。充分发挥热电联产机组对受端电网的支撑作用,鼓励在热负荷条件好的地区建设背压型机组或大型燃煤抽凝式热电联产机组,严禁建设凝汽式小火电机组。
  (五)电力设施选址要尽量避开自然灾害易发区和设施维护困难地区。电网输电线路要尽可能避免跨越大江大河、湖泊、海域和重要运输通道,确实无法避开的要采取相应防范措施。同一方向的重要输电通道要尽可能分散走廊,减少同一自然灾害易发区内重要输电通道的数量。
  (六)加强区域、省内主干网架和重要输电通道建设,提高相互支援能力。位于覆冰灾害较重地区的输电线路,要具备在覆冰期大负荷送电的能力。位于洪水灾害易发地区的输电线路,要对杆塔基础采取防护加固措施。必须穿越地震带等地质环境不安全地区的输电线路,要对杆塔及其基础采取抗震防护措施。
  (七)加强电力规划管理,促进输电网与配电网协调发展。国家电力主管部门负责全国电力规划工作,组织编制330千伏以上和重点地区电网发展规划;省级电力主管部门根据国家电力规划,组织编制220千伏以下电网规划并报国家电力主管部门备案。
  (八)地方各级人民政府在制订当地国民经济发展规划、城乡总体规划和土地利用总体规划时,要为电网建设预留合适的输电通道和变电站站址,统一规划城市管线走廊,协调解决电网建设中的问题。
  二、调整电网建设标准,推进电力抗灾技术创新
  (九)有关部门要加强组织协调,积极推进电力抗灾技术创新,及时分析总结各种自然灾害对电力系统的影响,兼顾安全性和经济性,修订和完善适合我国国情的电力建设标准和规范。
  (十)科学确定电网设施设防标准。对骨干电源送出线路、骨干网架及变电站、重要用户配电线路等重要电力设施,要在充分论证的基础上,适当提高设防标准。对跨越主干铁路、高等级公路、河流航道、其他输电线路等重要设施的局部线路,以及位于自然灾害易发区、气候条件恶劣地区和设施维护困难地区的局部线路,要适当提高设防标准。结合城市建设和经济发展,鼓励城市配电网主干线路采用入地电缆。
  (十一)气象、地震、环保、国土和水利等部门要将与电网安全相关的数据纳入日常监测范围,及时调整自然灾害判定标准和划分自然灾害易发区,加强监测预报,提高灾害预测和预警能力。电网企业要会同气象等部门在自然灾害易发区的输电走廊设立观测点,统一观测标准,积累并共享相关资料。
  (十二)电网企业、发电企业、电力施工企业和设备制造企业要高度重视工程建设质量管理,认真执行国家质量管理的有关规定,健全安全保障体系。有关部门要加强电力施工质量监管,确保材料、设备、工程质量和施工安全。
  (十三)发展改革、科技、财政、金融等有关部门要研究制定相应政策,鼓励企业和科研机构加大电力抗灾、救灾的科研投入,加快电力抗灾新技术、新产品的开发和推广应用。
  (十四)鼓励加快抵御自然灾害技术的研究,加强新型防冰雪、防污闪涂料和新型导地线、绝缘材料等新技术和新产品的研究开发与推广应用。进一步优化杆塔、金具等电网设施设计,合理匹配元器件强度,提高电网设施防强风、防冰冻、抗震减振等抗灾能力。
  (十五)鼓励研究和推广输电设施在线监测、实时预警、故障测距和应急保护等技术,逐步推广应用破冰、融冰等除冰技术和专用工具,推广应用杆塔高效抢修技术和工具,提高电网设施的安全监测和应急抢修能力。
  三、完善电力应急体系,做好灾害防范应对
  (十六)按照统一指挥、分工负责、预防为主、保证重点的原则,建立政府领导、部门协作、电力监管机构监管、企业为主、用户积极配合的电力应急预警系统和电力抗灾体系,做好灾害防范、应急救助和灾后恢复重建工作。
  (十七)国家电力监管机构是全国电力安全的监管机构,负责组织开展电力系统应急、灾害事故调查处理、信息发布等工作。地方各级人民政府是本行政区域电力应急指挥机构,负责协调指挥各有关部门、电力企业及相关单位,制订防灾预案,开展抢险救灾。电力企业是电力系统抢险救灾的责任主体,负责执行抢险救灾任务,做好灾后重建工作。
  (十八)地方各级人民政府负责制订完善本地区防灾预案,研究确定当地重要用户范围和应对自然灾害的供电序位。要压缩高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业用电,优先保证医院、矿山、学校、广播电视、通信、铁路、交通枢纽、供水供气供热、金融机构等重要用户和居民生活电力供应。
  (十九)电力企业要根据本地区灾害特点,建立健全电力抗灾预警系统,形成与气象、防汛、地质灾害预防等有关部门的信息沟通和应急联动机制;要充分发挥电力设计、施工队伍在电力应急抢险中的作用,加强抢险救灾物资储备和应急抢险能力建设。
  (二十)电网企业要针对灾害可能造成的电网大面积停电、电网解列、“孤网运行”等情况,制订和完善电网“黑启动”等应急处置预案。在灾害性天气多发季节,电网应急保安电源要做好应急启动和“孤网运行”的准备。
  (二十一)发电企业在灾害性天气多发季节和法定长假到来之前,要提前做好燃料储备、设备维护等工作。燃煤电厂存煤要达到设计要求,调峰调频水电厂水库蓄水要满足应急需求。燃料生产、销售、运输部门要积极支持和配合发电企业做好燃料储备工作。
  (二十二)电力施工企业要配备应急抢修的必要机具,加强施工人员培训,提高安全防护和应急抢修能力。
  (二十三)医院、矿山、广播电视、通信、交通枢纽、供水供气供热、金融机构等重要用户,应自备应急保安电源,妥善管理和保养相关设备,储备必要燃料,保障应急需要。
  (二十四)有关方面要认真贯彻落实《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》和《国家处置电网大面积停电事件应急预案》,定期组织联合应急演练,采取多种形式加强防灾减灾的教育培训,增强抵御自然灾害的意识和能力。
  四、明确分工职责,搞好抢险救灾
  (二十五)地方各级人民政府在收到自然灾害预警信息后,要及时启动防灾应急预案,按照预案和供电序位通知电力企业、电力用户做好准备。一旦灾害引发严重电网事故,要组织电力企业实施应急抢修。要协调林业、交通、铁道和环保等有关部门,及时解决电力设施抢修、重建中的林木砍伐、抢险物资运输和污染防控等问题。
  (二十六)电网企业在收到灾害预警后,要迅速组织有关人员和物资,进入抢险救灾的准备状态,并按照防灾预案要求,及时调整运行方式。灾害发生后,要随时监测输电线路安全运行情况,及早采取应对措施,将灾害对输电线路的影响减到最低。主干电网受灾害影响发生严重故障或出现大面积停电时,电网企业要立即按照预案确定的供电序位实施有序供电,并立即开展抢修工作。
  (二十七)发电企业在收到灾害预警后,要加强设备巡检和维护,补充发电燃料等物资和相关应急机具,按照电力调度要求调整机组运行方式,做好非正常运行准备,并及时向有关单位通报设备状况。
  (二十八)电力用户要服从电网企业的统一调度和指挥,确保电网安全。重要用户要做好启动自备应急保安电源的准备。
  (二十九)各地区、各部门要打破区域、行业等限制,对受灾地区无条件实施紧急救助和支援,尽快恢复受灾地区的电力供应。

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国务院办公厅转发国家旅游局关于加强旅游工作意见的通知(附英文)

国务院办公厅


国务院办公厅转发国家旅游局关于加强旅游工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅


国家旅游局《关于加强旅游工作的意见》已经国务院同意,现转发给你们,请结合本地区、本部门的实际情况贯彻执行。 旅游业是一项综合性事业,涉及航空、交通、文化、建设、轻工、纺织、商业等许多部门,各有关部门要积极配合和支持,共同努力,推动我国旅游事业更加健康
、协调地发展。关于加强旅游工作的意见 党的十一届三中全会以来,在改革、开放方针的指引下,我国旅游事业迅速发展,在增加我国非贸易外汇收入、促进对外经济贸易和文化交流、增进同世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊等方面发挥了积极作用。目前我国旅游业的发展已具备了相当的
基础和进一步加快发展的基本条件,国际旅游业持续稳定发展的大趋势也有利于我们把旅游事业搞上去。为进一步加强对旅游工作的协调管理,争取我国旅游业有一个更大的发展,现提出如下意见:
一、加强旅游管理工作,搞好各级旅游管理机构改革。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府及旅游重点城市,特别是旅游资源比较丰富的热点地区,要按照党政分开、政企分开和精简、统一的原则,从当地情况和发展国际国内旅游业的需要出发,结合地方机构改革,统筹安排,建立健全旅
游管理机构。各级旅游管理部门要切实转变职能,划清职责范围,合理配置机构。为切实搞好政企分开,需做到:(一)旅游部门主管领导不得兼任地方旅游公司、旅行社或饭店的经理;(二)旅游局与其直属企业要在人、财、物管理方面完全分开,使旅游企业真正做到自主经营、自负盈
亏;(三)各级旅游管理部门开展旅游业务的费用,由各级财政安排。为了加强旅游管理部门与旅游经营单位之间的联系,国家旅游局将根据工作需要,适当调整“中国旅游协会”、“中国旅游饭店协会”,成立“中国国内旅游协会”,协助旅游主管部门协调与各有关部门的关系,研究指
导国内旅游业发展中的有关事宜。
二、进一步明确国家旅游局的行业管理范围和管理权限,建立分级管理的办法和制度。全国所有的旅游企业事业单位,包括旅游院校和科研单位,经营国际、国内旅游业务的旅行社,各类旅游涉外饭店、宾馆、餐馆及旅游车船公司,对外开放的重点旅游风景区、游览点、旅游商品经销
店以及派驻国外的旅游办事机构、国外在华开设的旅游办事机构等,其隶属关系均不变,但旅游局要按照国家的有关规定,实行行业管理和检查监督。各级旅游管理部门对各级各类旅游企业,要一视同仁。国家旅游局要按此原则,会同有关部门研究制定分级管理办法,并严格旅游企业审批
制度。所有旅游企事业单位都要接受行业管理和监督。
三、全面深化改革,实行承包经营责任制。各级旅游管理部门和办有旅游企业的部门,可结合本地区、本部门的具体情况,根据国家有关规定,研究提出在国营、集体旅游企业实行承包经营责任制的具体计划和实施步骤,并使之配套、完善和深化。在实行承包经营责任制中,可根据不
同工作性质(旅行社、旅游涉外饭店、旅游车船队等)和不同经营情况(盈利企业、还贷企业、亏损企业等),采取不同的承包经营方式。凡是有外汇收入的企业,要承包创汇指标,并制定相应的结汇管理办法。有条件的企业,可以逐步建立企业风险基金。要采取招标招聘等多种形式,通
过竞争确定承包者。承包合同期限,一般不应少于3年。承包合同一经确定,承发包双方都要严格履行,不得违反。实行承包经营责任制,要和改进企业管理、促进企业内部管理制度的改革紧密结合起来,按照责、权、利相结合的原则,进一步改革和完善企业的劳动工资制度,严格考核和
奖罚制度。
四、改革旅行社管理体制。鼓励、支持国旅、中旅、青旅三大骨干旅行社向建立企业联合体和企业集团的方向发展。对已开办的各类旅行社,国家旅游局和地方旅游管理部门要按照《旅行社管理暂行条例》和《旅行社管理暂行条例实施细则》进行考核和整顿。各类旅行社都要切实搞好
企业内部改革,进一步挖掘潜力,促进经营管理水平和服务质量的提高。
五、加强旅游对外宣传招徕工作,努力开拓国际客源市场。国家旅游局要进一步加强对国际客源市场的调查研究,制定开拓国际市场的具体规划并组织实施。驻外旅游办事处要搞好国际旅游市场调研和宣传招徕,负责各外联单位在外宣传招徕的管理工作,积极开展与驻在国有关机构、
旅行社和旅游批发商等的联系,并注意搜集和反馈有关信息。各驻外办事机构在驻在国法律许可的范围内,也可酌情开展一些有偿服务或经营性活动。各外联单位在对外推销旅游线路时,要互相配合,顾全大局,不得低于保护价竞销或相互贬低。鼓励提倡各外联单位自愿组织起来,开展对
外联合推销。对于违反外联纪律的,国家旅游局和地方旅游管理部门要根据情节轻重给予行政处分或经济处罚。为适应我国旅游业发展的需要,旅游宣传推销经费可逐年有所增加。今后各外联单位开展对外联合推销活动,可采取收费的办法,凡参加及受益单位均需缴纳一定费用。
六、加强对新建旅游涉外饭店的宏观管理,推进饭店管理制度改革。各级旅游管理部门要认真贯彻执行今年9月22日国务院发布的《楼堂馆所建设管理暂行条例》,会同当地计划部门,对本地区旅游涉外饭店项目进行认真清理。今后,各地一般不要再建设高档旅游涉外饭店。温冷点
地区可根据旅游客源市场需求,酌建中低档饭店(可视需要在中档饭店内设若干高档房间)。北京、上海、广州、桂林、西安、杭州等旅游热点城市,原则上不再批准中外合资或合作建造饭店。要按照国办发〔1988〕17号文件精神,加快建立我国自己的饭店管理公司。对确需新建中
外合资、合作饭店的,必须按照国发〔1986〕101号和国办发〔1988〕32号文件有关规定办理。对于由国家旅游局投资或参与投资建设的旅游风景区和游览点,地方旅游管理部门要参与领导和管理。推进饭店管理制度的改革。全国旅游涉外饭店星级评定工作,已有具体标准和
实施办法,要抓紧进行,争取明年底完成。要逐步建立旅游涉外饭店(包括各类旅行社和旅游车船公司)营业许可证发放和吊销制度。旅游主管部门对有严重违法乱纪行为的旅游企业,可建议工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照。
七、审慎进行旅游价格方面的改革,加强对旅游外汇收支及结汇的管理。旅游价格问题直接关系到国家的利益和声誉,要不断进行调查研究,作出审慎的改革,并按规定报批。要充分考虑适应国际竞争需要,根据不同旅游路线、不同季节等特点,改革价格结构模式,更加科学、合理地
制定价格(国家旅游局和国家物价局今后主要是制定最高限价和最低保护价)。价格原则一经确定,各级、各类旅游企业都应严格执行。对于违反价格纪律的,要严肃处理。 国家旅游局要会同国家统计局、国家外汇管理局、财政部、中国银行等部门,在加强对旅游外汇收支统计工作的同
时,进一步加强对旅游外汇的收支管理,建立旅游外汇结汇制度,并纳入计划;要研究制定《旅游外汇管理办法》和《旅游外汇财务管理办法》,报国务院批准后实施,以尽快扭转目前旅游外汇收入流失严重的状况。
八、大力发展旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售,进一步提高我国旅游业的创汇水平和经济效益。搞好旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售是旅游业一个重要组成部分,也是为国家创汇的重要途径之一。要逐步建立起全国旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售网络。要以国家旅游局所
属的“中国旅游服务公司”系统、轻工部现有的“中国旅游产品生产供应公司”系统、商业部现有的“中国友谊服务公司”系统为基础,发挥其主导作用,进一步扩大业务,形成各具特色、经营不同旅游商品和旅游纪念品的企业体系。这些企业系统,可以有计划地兴办一批旅游纪念品生产
基地和研究国际旅游商品、旅游纪念品市场行情、开发新产品的科研单位,逐步使科研开发与产供销紧密结合。要鼓励各地特别是旅游重点地区大力发展具有民族风格、地方特色的旅游商品和旅游纪念品的生产,增加花色品种,广开货源渠道,改善销售服务,加强市场管理。要落实国务院
早已确定的“旅游商品创汇视同外贸出口创汇”的规定,并研究制定具体办法;对外贸出口中属于非实行出口许可证管理的商品,要进一步扩大对国外旅游者的销售;旅游商品、旅游纪念品的销售价格,要根据不同商品的货源情况、国际市场行情和经贸部门的具体销售方针,灵活掌握;发
展旅游商品、旅游纪念品生产所需国内紧缺的专用原材料,各级物资部门要纳入供货渠道;必须由国家统一进口的原材料,要纳入国家进口计划;对所需进口的专用原材料,按国办发〔1987〕16号文件有关规定执行。北京、上海、广州是海外旅游者出入境的三大口岸,要逐步建设成
为亚洲地区有一定规模和声誉的旅游购物城市。 目前一些旅游涉外饭店用大量外汇进口内装修材料、卫生洁具、机电设备和零部件,为尽快改变这种状况,今后对凡属于国内已能生产的产品,价格合理,质量、交货期等方面又能保证需要的,应一律停止进口。建议由有关部门提出限制进
口的产品目录,并由行业归口管理部门进行审批。
九、加强旅游从业人员的队伍建设,抓好职业道德和职业纪律教育。要进一步抓好旅游院校教育工作和从业人员的培训工作,大力培养不同层次、不同类别的旅游专业人才。要强化职业道德和职业纪律教育,不断提高旅游从业人员的政治、业务素质,树立旅游职业的光荣感和责任感,
反对各种不正之风,进一步提高旅游服务质量,搞好优质服务,使我国旅游业在国际上建立良好的信誉和形象。
十、加强与各有关部门的协调配合。旅游业是一项综合性事业,其发展不仅取决于旅游部门本身的工作,而且与航空、交通、城建、园林、文物、文化、轻工、纺织、商业、宗教事务等很多部门的工作紧密相关。旅游业又是一项跨地区的行业,大量的组织工作和实际工作要靠地方去做
,需要协调一致。各级旅游管理部门要进一步与有关部门密切配合,共同努力,促进我国旅游事业更加健康协调地发展。

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL ON THEAPPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TOURISMADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK

Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE
APPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TOURISM
ADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
(December 21, 1988)
The Report, "Suggestions Concerning the Strengthening of Tourist Work",
submitted by the National Tourism Administration, has been approved by the
State Council and is hereby transmitted to you for implementation in the
light of the actual conditions of the respective localities and
departments.
The tourist industry is a comprehensive undertaking which involves
departments such as aviation, communications, culture, construction, light
industry, textile industry, and commerce. All the departments concerned
shall coordinate and support each other and make joint efforts to promote
the sound and coordinated development of tourism in our country.
SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
Since the conclusion of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the
policy of reform and opening to the outside world, tourism has been
developing very rapidly in our country; and it has played an active part
in increasing our country's non-trade foreign exchange earnings, in
boosting international trade and cultural exchange, and in promoting the
mutual understanding and friendship between peoples throughout the world.
At present, our country possesses a fairly good foundation for the
development of tourism and the necessary conditions for speeding up such
development. The general trend of continuous and steady development of the
international tourism is also favourable to us for promoting our tourist
industry. In order to further strengthen the coordinated administration of
tourist work and strive for a greater development of our tourist industry,
we hereby advance the following suggestions:

1. Strengthening the administration of the tourist industry and doing a
good job in the reform of tourism administration organs at various levels.
The people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as tourist
cities, especially those favourite haunts with relatively rich tourist
resources, shall, in accordance with the principles of "separating Party
organs from government organs", "separating government organs from
enterprises", and "simplified and unified administration", and in the
light of local conditions and needs of the development of international
and domestic tourism, set up and improve the tourism administration organs
by combining them with the reform of local setups and making overall
arrangements. The tourism administration departments at various levels
shall make timely and specific adjustments to their responsibilities,
clearly define their scope of duties, and rationally deploy their
organizations. In order to effect the separation of government organs from
enterprises, it is imperative to lay stress on the following measures:
(1) The persons in charge of the tourism administration departments shall
not assume concurrently posts of manager of local tourist companies,
tourist agencies, or hotels;
(2) The tourism bureaus shall be completely separated from the enterprises
directly under them in the administration of such aspects as personnel,
finance, and materials, so that the tourist enterprises shall carry on
their business operations independently, and assume sole responsibility
for their profits and losses;
(3) The expenses for the tourism administration departments at various
levels to conduct tourist business operations shall be appropriated by the
finance departments at various levels. In order to strengthen the
connections between tourism administration departments and tourist opera-
ting units, the National Tourism Administration shall, in accordance with
the requirements of work, make necessary adjustments with regard to the
"China Association of Tourism" and the "China Association of Tourist
Hotels", and establish thereby the "China Association of Domestic
Tourism", which shall assist the competent authorities for tourism in
coordinating relations with other departments concerned and in studying
and providing guidance to the development of domestic tourism.

2. Further clarifying the scope of responsibility and the limits of powers
of the tourist administration bureaus, and establishing a system of graded
administration. The subordinative relationship of all the tourist
enterprises and tourist institutions throughout the country-including
institutes and schools of tourism, research institutes of tourism, tourist
agencies that are engaged in the international and domestic tourist
industries; various categories of tourist hotels, guest houses,
restaurants, and tourist automobile and vessels companies for the
reception of foreign tourists; key tourist scenic spots, tourist
attractions, and shops selling tourist goods that are open to foreigners;
tourist representative offices abroad, as well as the tourist
representative offices established in China by foreign tourist agencies-to
the competent administrative authorities directly over them shall remain
unchanged; but the tourist bureau shall, in accordance with the provisions
of the State, implement the system of trade administration, inspection,
and supervision. The tourism administration departments at various levels
shall treat tourist enterprises of various categories equally without
discrimination. The National Tourism Administration shall, in accordance
with the aforesaid principle, and working in coordination with other
departments concerned, make a study of, and work out, ways to implement
the system of graded administration and effect a stricter procedure in
examining and approving the establishment of tourist enterprises. All the
tourist enterprises and tourist institutions shall, without exception,
subject themselves to trade administration and supervision.

3. Deepening the reform in a comprehensive way and implementing the
responsibility system of contracted business operations. The tourism
administration departments at various levels and the departments that run
tourist enterprises shall, taking into consideration the actual conditions
of the local areas and of their own departments, and in accordance with
the pertinent provisions of the State, make a study of, and submit a
report on, a specific plan and practicable procedures for the
implementation of the responsibility system of contracted business
operations in state-run and collectively-run tourist enterprises and, at
the same time, formulate other provisions to perfect such a system. In the
course of implementing the aforesaid responsibility system of contracted
business operations, different forms of contracted business operations may
be adopted, in accordance with the differences in the nature of business
operations (tourists agencies, tourist hotels specialized in receiving
foreign guests, fleets of tourist automobiles and vessels) and business
operations of different conditions (enterprises with profits, enterprises
that have to repay loans, enterprises suffering losses and with a
deficit). All those enterprises that have foreign exchange earnings shall
carry out a contracted target for earning foreign exchange, and work out a
corresponding method for the administration of the settlement of the
exchange. Enterprises, which possess the necessary conditions, may
gradually set up risk funds for themselves. The contractor shall be
finally determined, through various kinds of competition, such as by
inviting tenders, or by advertising for employment. The contract period
shall, in principle, be no shorter than 3 years. Once a contract is
confirmed and signed, the two parties, the contractor and the party
awarding the contract, shall execute the contract strictly, and under no
circumstances shall it be violated. The implementation of the
responsibility system of contracted business operations calls for a close
integration of the improvement of enterprise management and the promotion
of reform in the internal administration system of enterprises, and for
further efforts in reforming and improving the labour wage system and the
policy of reward and punishment, in accordance with the principle of
combining responsibility, power, and profit.

4. Reforming the administration system of tourist agencies. The three
backbone travel services-China International Travel Service, China Travel
Service, and China Youth Travel Service-shall be encouraged and supported
to develop towards the establishment of an integrated complex or
enterprise group.
With respect to those tourist agencies of various categories that have
already been set up, the National Tourism Administration and local tourism
administration departments shall carry out assessment and rectification in
accordance with the provisions in Interim Regulations on the
Administration of Tourist Agencies and Rules of Implementation for Interim
Regulations on the Administration of Tourist Agencies. Tourist agencies of
various categories shall all carry out effectively the reform in the
internal work of their respective tourist agencies, further tap their
potentials, so as to raise standard of their operation and administration,
and to improve the quality of their services.

5. Strengthening overseas tourist publicity and the endeavouring for
soliciting tourists, and striving to expand the international market for
foreign tourists. The National Tourism Administration shall make further
efforts in investigating and analyzing the market for international
tourists, work out specific plans for the expansion of the said
international market, and take measures to put it into practice. Our
resident representative tourist offices abroad shall try their best to
investigate into the market for international tourists and carry out
publicity work for soliciting visiting tourists, take the responsibility
to supervise the publicity and soliciting endeavour carried out abroad by
units in charge of liaison work with foreign countries, actively make
contacts with the institutions concerned, tourist agencies and tourist
wholesalers in countries where our representative tourist offices are
resident, and pay attention to collecting and feeding back relevant
information. Various resident representative tourist offices abroad may,
within the scope of law of the respective countries where they are
resident, and at their discretion, undertake some paid services or other
business operational activities.
Various units in charge of liaison work with foreign countries, while
canvassing among foreigners for tourists itineraries, shall work in close
coordination and take the interests of the whole country into account.
They may not play down the others and compete against them by offering
prices lower than the protective price. Various units in charge of liaison
work with foreign countries shall be encouraged to collaborate on a
voluntary basis to canvass jointly among foreigners. With respect to those
who have violated external liaison disciplines, the National Tourism
Administration and the local tourism administration departments shall,
depending on the seriousness of the cases, impose disciplinary sanctions,
or economic penalty, on the violators. In order to meet the needs of the
development of the tourist industry in our country, the outlay for
conducting tourist publicity and canvassing abroad may be increased with
each passing year. From now on, various units in charge of liaison work
with foreign countries, when canvassing jointly among foreigners may
collect service charges: all units that take part in the canvassing
activities and derive benefits there from shall pay the charges.

6. Strengthening the macro-administration of those newly-built tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests and promoting the
reform of hotel administration system. The tourism administration
departments at various levels shall conscientiously implement Interim
Regulations on the Construction and Administration of Storied Buildings,
Halls, Hotels and Guest Houses, promulgated by the State Council on
September 22, 1988, and, working in coordination with the local planning
departments, carry out a checking-up on the projects of local tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests. From now on, in
principle, no more high-grade tourist hotels that specialize in receiving
foreign guests shall be built in any place. In areas less frequented than
favourite tourist haunts, medium-and low-grade hotels may be built, in
accordance with the tourist market's demand, and depending on the actual
circumstances, (a number of highgrade rooms may be provided in a
medium-grade hotel, if necessary). In such highly frequented tourist
cities as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Guilin, Xi'an, and Hangzhou, no
new hotel construction projects with Chinese-foreign joint investment or
by Chinese-foreign cooperation shall, in principle, be approved. In
accordance with the guideline of Document No. 17 (1988) issued by the
General Office under the State Council, it shall be imperative to speed up
the establishment of the hotel administration company of our own country.
In cases where necessity arises for the building of new hotels in form of
Chinese-foreign joint ventures or Chinese-foreign contractual joint
venture, the cases shall be handled in accordance with the provisions in
Document No. 101 (1986) and Document No. 32 (1988), issued by the General
Office under the State Council. As regards the tourist scenic spots and
tourist attraction, built and facilitated with, or partly with the
investment of the National Tourism Administration, the local tourism
administration departments shall take part in the leadership and
administration of the aforesaid tourist places.
Promoting the reform in the hotel administration system. There are now
specific standards for the "star-rating" of the country's tourist hotels
that specialize in receiving foreign guests; the rating process shall be
speeded up and strive to complete the task by the end of next year. The
system for issuing and revoking business licence for tourist hotels that
specialize in receiving foreign guests (including various categories of
tourist agencies and tourist automobiles and vessels companies) shall be
gradually set up. With respect to those tourist enterprises that have
committed serious illegal acts, the competent authorities for tourism may
suggest to the relevant administrative departments for industry and
commerce that the business licences of the aforesaid enterprises be
revoked.

7. Carrying out, with caution, the reform in tourist prices, and
strengthening the administration of the receipts and expenditures in
foreign exchange as well as the settlement of exchange relating to tourist
enterprises. The problem of tourist prices has a direct bearing on the
interests and reputation of the State; therefore it is imperative to
conduct careful investigation and studies before taking cautious steps in
the reform, and submit the reform plan to higher authorities for approval.
It is necessary to reform the price structure so as to fix the tourist
prices more scientifically and reasonably by taking into full
consideration the necessity to meet the challenge of international
competition, and in accordance with the special features of different
tourist itineraries and different seasons (from now on, the National
Tourism Administration and the State Administration for Commodity Prices
shall chiefly fix the ceiling price and the floor price - the protective
price). Once the price principles are determined, the tourist enterprises
at various levels and of various categories shall execute them strictly.
Those who have violated the price discipline shall be dealt with
seriously.
The National Tourism Administration shall, working in coordination with
such departments as the State Statistical Bureau, the State Administration
of Foreign Exchange Control, the Ministry of Finance, and the Bank of
China, strengthen the statistical work on the tourist enterprises'
receipts and expenditures, and tighten the control of the foreign exchange
receipts and expenditures of the tourist enterprises, establish the system
for the settlement of tourist foreign exchange, and bring this work into
line with the State plan. It is imperative to formulate, through studies,
the Measures for Foreign Exchange Control in Tourism and the Measures for
the Financial Administration of Foreign Exchange in Tourism, and submit
these two documents to the State Council for approval before
implementation so as to reverse as early as possible the present situation
of serious drain on foreign exchange earnings from tourism.

8. Developing vigorously the manufacture and marketing of tourist goods
and tourist souvenirs, increasing the volume of the foreign exchange
earning from tourism in our country and improving its economic results.
The manufacture and marketing of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs
constitute an important component part of the tourist industry, and is
also an important channel for earning foreign exchange for the State. It
is imperative to establish gradually a nationwide network for the
production and marketing of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs. For the
aforesaid purpose, the "China Tourist Services Company" under the National
Tourism Administration, the "China Tourist Products Production and Supply
Company" under the Ministry of Light Industry, and the "China Friendship
Services Company" under the Ministry of Commerce shall be taken as the
foundation; their leading role shall be brought into full play, and their
businesses shall be further expanded so that they shall grow into
complexes of enterprises specialized in different lines of business,
handling different assortments of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs.
These complexes of enterprises may establish, in a planned way, a number
of production bases for the production of tourist souvenirs, and a number
of research institutes for carrying on studies in the marketing quotations
of international tourist goods and tourist souvenirs and for developing
new products, so that scientific research and product development will be
combined in the integrated process of production-supply-marketing. It is
necessary to encourage various places, especially the key tourist areas,
to vigorously develop the production of tourist goods and tourist
souvenirs that are of national style with various local colours, to
increase designs and varieties, to expand channels for sources of goods,
to improve sales service, and to strengthen market administration. It is
imperative to implement conscientiously the provisions approved long ago
by the State Council: "the foreign exchange earned through the sales of
tourist goods shall be deemed as the foreign exchange earned by foreign
trade" and to formulate, through studies, specific measures for carrying
out the said provisions; with respect to those export goods which do not
come under the licence control, it is important to expand their sales to
foreign tourists; the selling prices of tourist goods and tourist
souvenirs shall be handled flexibly in accordance with the different
conditions of goods supply, the international market quotations, and the
specific marketing policy pursued by the economic and trade departments.

The special raw and processed materials which are needed for the
development of the production of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs and
are in short supply in the country, shall be brought into the goods supply
channels handled by the departments of goods and materials at various
levels; those raw and processed materials that are imported solely by the
State shall be brought into the plan for importation executed by the
State; the special imported raw and processed materials needed shall be
handled in accordance with the pertinent provisions in Document No. 16
(1987) issued by the General Office under the State Council. As Beijing,
Shanghai, and Guangzhou are the three main ports of entry and exit for
overseas tourists, they shall be turned into cities with sizable tourist
shopping centres and good reputation in Asia. At present, some tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests spend a large amount of
foreign exchange in importing fitting-up materials, sanitary utensils,
machinery and electrical equipment, and spare and component parts. In
order to change this situation without delay, from now on, all similar
products which can already be manufactured in our country and reasonably
priced and whose quality and delivery time can be guaranteed shall cease
to be imported. We suggest that a catalogue of products to be restricted
in importation be put forward by the departments concerned and the
importation of the aforesaid products shall be examined and approved by
the administrative departments of the trades concerned.

9. Strengthening the building of a contingent of tourist personnel and
paying close attention to the education in professional ethics and
professional discipline. It is imperative to improve the educational work
in schools and institutes of tourism and the professional training of
tourist personnel, especially the training of qualified specialized
personnel at various levels and of different categories. It is also
imperative to intensify the education in professional ethics and
professional discipline, so as to improve the political and professional
quality of tourist personnel, to foster a sense of honour and
responsibility, to oppose all kinds of unhealthy tendencies, to improve
the quality of tourist services and offer high-quality services, thus
enabling our tourist industry to establish good international reputation
and image.

10. Strengthening the coordination between different departments
concerned. The tourist industry is a comprehensive undertaking, the
development of which relies not only on its own work, but also on the
close coordination with such organizations as the departments of aviation,
communications, city construction, gardens and parks, historical relics,
culture, light industry, textile industry, commerce, and religious
affairs. The tourist industry is also a trans-regional trade, and a large
amount of organizational work shall be done by the local departments; a
harmonious coordination is thus indispensable. Tourist departments at
various levels shall strengthen their coordination with other departments
concerned and make joint efforts in promoting a sound and co-ordinated
development of the tourist industry in our country.



1988年12月21日

江西省实施《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民地方各级人民代表大会代表法》办法

江西省人大常委会


江西省实施《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民地方各级人民代表大会代表法》办法


 (1995年12月20日江西省第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议通过)

  第一条为保证本省各级人民代表大会代表依法行使职权,履行代表义务,发挥代表作用,根据《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法》(以下简称《代表法》),结合本省实际,制定本办法。

  第二条本省各级人民代表大会代表,是各该级地方国家权力机关组成人员,代表人民的利益和意志,依照宪法和法律赋予本级人民代表大会的职权,参加行使国家权力。

  代表依照《代表法》和本办法的规定在本级人民代表大会会议期间的工作和闭会期间的活动,都是执行代表职务。

  任何组织和个人不得以任何形式干涉或者阻碍代表依法执行代表职务。

  第三条本省各级人民代表大会代表集体行使本级人民代表大会的职权。代表依法享有审议、询问、表决、选举的权利,提出质询案、罢免案等议案的权利,提出建议、批评和意见的权利以及其他法定的权利。

  县级以上地方各级人民代表大会代表依法享有提出组织关于特定问题调查委员会的权利。

  第四条本省各级人民代表大会代表在参加本级人民代表大会会议前,应当做好下列工作:

  (一)围绕人民代表大会会议将要审议的议题开展视察或者调查;

  (二)走访选举单位或者选民,听取和收集意见;

  (三)准备向本级人民代表大会会议提出的议案、建议、批评和意见。

  第五条代表依法提出的议案,应当写明案由、案据和方案。

  列入会议议程的议案,在交付大会表决前,提议案的多数代表书面提出撤回议案要求的,经主席团同意,会议对该项议案的审议即行终止。

  第六条代表在审议议案和报告时可以提出询问,本级人民政府、人民法院、人民检察院及有关部门应当派负责人到会说明。

  第七条代表依法提出的质询案,应当是本级人民政府及其所属部门、人民法院、人民检察院在贯彻执行宪法、法律、法规和人民代表大会及其常务委员会决议、决定中存在的重大问题,以及这些国家机关负责人严重失职等方面的重大问题。

  质询案应当写明质询对象、质询的问题和内容。

  质询案由主席团决定交由受质询机关在主席团会议、大会全体会议、有关的代表团会议或者有关的专门委员会会议上口头答复,或者由受质询机关书面答复。在主席团会议或者专门委员会会议上答复的,提质询案的代表有权列席会议,发表意见;主席团认为必要的时候,可以将答复质询案的情况报告印发会议。

  提质询案的半数以上代表对答复不满意的,经主席团决定,受质询机关应当再作答复。

  提质询案的半数以上代表对再次答复仍不满意的,由本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团办理。

  第八条县级以上地方各级人民代表大会代表在会议期间提出的建议、批评和意见,承办单位应当在接到之日起3个月内,将办理情况和意见答复代表,个别情况复杂的,办理时间不得超过6个月;乡镇人民代表大会代表在会议期间提出的建议、批评和意见,承办单位应当在接到之日起2个月内,将办理情况和意见答复代表,个别情况复杂的,办理时间不得超过3个月。

  代表在闭会期间提出的建议、批评和意见,承办单位应当在接到之日起2个月内,将办理情况和意见答复代表,个别情况复杂的,办理时间不得超过3个月。

  代表对答复不满意的,承办单位应当根据代表意见,在1个月内重新办理并答复。

  第九条代表应当按照便于组织和开展活动的原则组成代表小组。代表可以以选举单位或者以地域就近编组,也可以按系统和行业编组;代表小组应当由3人以上组成;本级人民代表大会代表不足3人的,就近与下一级代表联合编组。

  代表小组应当推选组长,人员较多的小组可以推选副组长。组长、副组长负责主持代表小组活动。代表应当遵守代表小组活动制度,按时参加代表小组的各项活动,因故不能参加时,应当请假。

  人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团以及代表所在单位,应当为代表小组活动提供必要的条件和帮助。

  第十条代表小组可以开展下列活动:

  (一)学习宣传宪法、法律、法规以及国家有关方针、政策,宣传贯彻本级和上级人民代表大会及其常务委员会的决议、决定;

  (二)进行视察和调查;

  (三)听取和反映人民群众的建议、意见和要求;

  (四)交流开展代表活动和联系人民群众的经验;

  (五)参加当地人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团安排的活动。

  第十一条代表根据本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团的统一安排,对本级或者下级国家机关和有关单位的工作进行视察。

  代表可以持代表证就地进行视察。县级以上地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会应当根据代表意愿,负责联系视察单位,安排视察日程,并提供必要的条件。

  第十二条代表视察的内容,可以是围绕人民代表大会会议准备审议的议题进行综合视察;也可以就某个法律、法规或者本级人民代表大会及其常务委员会决议、决定的贯彻实施,本行政区域的某项工作和人民群众所关心的热点、难点等问题,进行专项视察。

  第十三条代表视察时,地方各级人民政府、人民法院和人民检察院及有关单位负责人应当如实汇报情况,回答代表提出的问题,提供有关材料,听取代表的建议、批评和意见,但代表不直接处理问题。

  在统一安排的视察中,代表可以约见本级或者下级有关国家机关负责人,也可以由当地人民代表大会常务委员会工作机构事先联系安排。

  第十四条代表可以根据本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团的安排,参加专题调查或者执法检查。

  第十五条代表可以参加本级人民代表大会常务委员会组织的对本级人民政府及其所属部门、人民法院和人民检察院工作的评议活动。

  乡镇人民代表大会代表或者上一级人民代表大会代表可以参加乡镇人民代表大会主席团组织的对本级人民政府工作的评议活动,根据县级人民代表大会常务委员会的安排,参加对上级国家机关驻本行政区域内有关单位工作的评议活动。

  第十六条在本级人民代表大会闭会期间,代表和代表所在单位应当按照下列规定,保证代表活动时间:

  (一)省人民代表大会代表每年不少于10日;

  (二)市、县、市辖区人民代表大会代表每年不少于7日;

  (三)乡镇人民代表大会代表每年不少于3日。

  第十七条代表在人民代表大会各种会议上的发言和表决不受法律追究。

  代表在应邀列席人民代表大会常务委员会会议上的发言不受法律追究。

  第十八条县级以上地方各级人民代表大会代表,非经本级人民代表大会主席团许可,在本级人民代表大会闭会期间,非经本级人民代表大会常务委员会许可,不受逮捕或者刑事审判。如果因为是现行犯罪依法必须逮捕,而又不能及时召开本级人民代表大会常务委员会会议时,可以先由本级人民代表大会常务委员会主任会议许可,再由主任会议提请常务委员会下次会议确认。如果因为是现行犯罪被拘留,执行拘留的机关应当立即向该级人民代表大会主席团或者常务委员会报告。

  对县级以上地方各级人民代表大会代表,如果采取法律规定的其他限制人身自由的措施,应当经该级人民代表大会主席团或者人民代表大会常务委员会许可。

  乡镇人民代表大会代表,如果被逮捕、受刑事审判或者被采取法律规定的其他限制人身自由的措施,执行机关应当立即书面报告乡镇人民代表大会;在乡镇人民代表大会闭会期间,执行机关应当立即报告乡镇人民代表大会主席团,由主席团向下次代表大会会议备案。

  对同时担任两级以上人民代表大会代表职务的人员,采取法律规定的限制人身自由措施的,应当按前三款的规定分别办理。

  第十九条对有义务协助代表执行代表职务而拒绝履行义务的,对阻碍代表执行职务的,以及对代表执行职务进行打击报复的,依照《代表法》第三十九条的规定处理。负责处理的机关或者单位应当将处理结果报告本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团。

  第二十条本省各级人民代表大会代表活动经费应当列入本级财政预算,按年度拨给本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团,专款专用。

  代表活动经费应当按照下列规定使用:

  (一)代表订阅有关法律、法规和学习资料;

  (二)代表小组集体活动;

  (三)参加由本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团安排的视察、调查和执法检查等活动;

  (四)代表培训;

  (五)无固定工资收入的代表执行代表职务的误工补贴。

  第二十一条代表在执行代表职务时,可持代表证优先购买飞机票和车船票,有关单位应当提供服务。

  第二十二条本省县级以上人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团,各级人民政府、人民法院和人民检察院,应当采取建立代表接待日、召开代表座谈会等多种形式联系本级人民代表大会代表,听取代表的建议、批评和意见,回答代表提出的问题。

  本省各级人民代表大会专门委员会和常务委员会工作机构应当加强同代表的联系。在审议议案、听取汇报、执法检查和调查研究时,可以邀请上一级或者本级人民代表大会代表参加,征求代表的意见。

  第二十三条代表因故不能出席本级人民代表大会会议,应当在会议召开前向本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会主席团书面提出请假报告,由主任会议或者主席团批准。

  代表在会议期间因故不能继续参加会议,必须书面提出请假报告,县级以上地方各级人民代表大会代表须经代表团团长同意,报大会秘书长批准;乡镇人民代表大会代表须经乡镇人民代表大会主席批准。

  未经批准两次不出席本级人民代表大会会议的代表,由本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡镇人民代表大会向其发出终止代表资格的书面通知,并予以公告。

  第二十四条本办法自公布之日起施行。